Condition library
Understanding paediatric neurology conditions
Clear, up-to-date explainers on the conditions our specialists review most often — including the latest research and emerging therapies. Each page is educational: it helps you understand a condition and prepare questions, and never replaces your treating clinician. This library will keep growing.
27 results
Dravet syndrome
A severe, SCN1A-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy — with a fast-moving precision-medicine pipeline.
Learn more Neurogenetic / imprinting disorderAngelman syndrome
A UBE3A-related neurodevelopmental disorder — with antisense (ASO) therapies now in Phase 3 trials.
Learn more X-linked neurodevelopmental disorderRett syndrome
An MECP2-related disorder with the first approved medicine (trofinetide) — and MECP2 gene therapies now in registrational trials.
Learn more Motor / neurodevelopmental disorderCerebral palsy
The most common physical disability of childhood — where early detection, structured rehabilitation and orthopaedic care matter most, alongside emerging experimental therapies.
Learn more Neurodevelopmental disorderAutism spectrum disorder
A common, highly genetic neurodevelopmental condition — where early recognition, evidence-based support and honest appraisal of newer therapies matter most.
Learn more Developmental & epileptic encephalopathyWest syndrome (infantile spasms)
An infancy-onset epilepsy emergency — where how quickly the spasms are recognised and stopped strongly shapes a child's development.
Learn more Childhood seizuresFebrile seizures (febrile convulsions)
The most common seizures of early childhood — frightening to witness, but usually harmless with an excellent outlook.
Learn more Genetic epilepsy / neurodevelopmentalSCN2A-related disorders
An SCN2A (NaV1.2) condition spanning early epileptic encephalopathy and autism — where the type of variant decides treatment, and a precision antisense therapy is now in trials.
Learn more Tic disorderTic disorders and Tourette syndrome
Common, fluctuating movements and sounds that are involuntary — usually best helped by understanding, behavioural therapy and, when needed, medication.
Learn more Autoimmune neurology / epilepsyAutoimmune-associated epilepsy
Seizures driven by the immune system attacking the brain — where recognising the cause early can change treatment from antiseizure medicines to immunotherapy.
Learn more Genetic / structural epilepsymTOR-pathway epilepsies (mTORopathies)
Drug-resistant focal epilepsies caused by overactive mTOR signalling — where surgery and targeted mTOR inhibitors are reshaping treatment.
Learn more Genetic neurodevelopmental / epilepsyGRIN-related neurodevelopmental disorders
NMDA-receptor (GRIN) conditions where, as in SCN2A, the direction of the variant decides treatment — and targeted therapies are now in Phase 3.
Learn more Genetic generalized epilepsyDoose syndrome (myoclonic-atonic epilepsy)
A childhood generalized epilepsy with 'drop' seizures — often strikingly responsive to the ketogenic diet, with a variable but frequently good outlook.
Learn more Genetic generalized epilepsyAbsence epilepsy
Brief 'blank' staring spells with a characteristic EEG — usually well controlled, with childhood absence epilepsy carrying a good outlook.
Learn more Genetic generalized epilepsyJuvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME)
A common teenage-onset epilepsy with morning jerks — usually very treatable, but typically lifelong and sensitive to sleep and lifestyle.
Learn more Genetic epilepsyPCDH19 clustering epilepsy
An X-linked epilepsy that mainly affects girls in fever-triggered clusters — with a neurosteroid (ganaxolone) showing targeted benefit in trials.
Learn more Neurogenetic / mTORopathyTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
A multi-system genetic condition driven by overactive mTOR — where preventive treatment, mTOR inhibitors and CBD have transformed care.
Learn more Genetic neurodevelopmental disorderFragile X syndrome
The most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and a leading single-gene cause of autism — where targeted drug trials continue despite setbacks.
Learn more Neurodevelopmental motor disorderDevelopmental coordination disorder (DCD / dyspraxia)
A common but under-recognised difficulty with coordination and motor skills — where the right activity-focused support builds confidence and participation.
Learn more Sleep / developmentalSleep problems in children (by age)
What healthy sleep looks like at each stage — from newborns to teenagers — and how common sleep problems are recognised and treated.
Learn more Paroxysmal disordersNon-epileptic paroxysmal events (seizure mimics)
Sudden, repeated 'spells' that look like seizures but are not epilepsy — common at every age, often benign, and frequently misdiagnosed.
Learn more Neurodevelopmental genetic syndromePitt-Hopkins syndrome
A rare TCF4-related condition with intellectual disability, distinctive breathing episodes, and an unusually active research pipeline — gene therapy and a targeted drug both reaching trials in 2025–2026.
Learn more Developmental and epileptic encephalopathySTXBP1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
A genetic DEE caused by loss of one STXBP1 copy — with active gene-therapy and ASO programmes, but lessons in 2025 about how cautiously these must be tested.
Learn more Neurodevelopmental genetic syndromeKBG syndrome
An under-recognised ANKRD11 syndrome with a distinctive face, large upper front teeth and developmental delay — usually managed symptomatically, with no targeted therapy in trials today.
Learn more Developmental encephalopathy with movement disorderGNAO1 encephalopathy
A rare GNAO1-related condition that combines severe developmental delay, epilepsy and prominent dyskinetic movements — with the first allele-specific ASO trial starting in 2025.
Learn more CerebrovascularPediatric and fetal stroke
Stroke does happen in babies and children — and the field has changed quickly: thrombectomy is now an option in selected childhood strokes, and the first cord-blood and erythropoietin trials are reading out in 2025–2026.
Learn more NeurodevelopmentalAttention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A common, treatable neurodevelopmental condition with the strongest evidence base in paediatric psychiatry — and a growing landscape of digital, neuromodulation and next-generation drug options alongside the classic stimulants.
Learn moreZatay Medical provides independent educational reviews only. Our reports are not a diagnosis, treatment, or prescription, and do not replace care from your treating physician.